2026 Education and FASD International Conference • Oct 23, 2026

Disentangling Diagnostic Overlap: A Hybrid Scoping Review of Neurodevelopmental Profiles in FASD and Autism Spectrum Disorder

12:45PM to 1:25PM PDT / 40min

Background

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prevalent developmental disabilities with overlapping neurobehavioral presentations. FASD remains undetected in more than 80% of affected individuals, in part because of challenges differentiating its features from other developmental disabilities, including autism. Published co-occurrence rates also vary widely (5–72% in clinical samples). Clarifying shared and distinct profiles may improve diagnostic accuracy, provider education, and access to services.

Methods

This plenary will examine clinical and research perspectives on FASD and ASD, drawing from an ongoing hybrid scoping/umbrella review (OSF K5398). Seven domains relevant to developmental differential diagnosis are examined: sensory processing, language, social communication, social skills, adaptive functioning, executive functioning, and self-regulation. Findings will identify shared and distinctive features, research gaps, and implications for diagnosis and intervention.

Results

Four reviewers are conducting a PRISMA-guided review across three databases (1,378 non-duplicate articles screened), with substantial screening reliability (κ=.754, p<.001). Findings will characterize patterns of similarities and differences across the seven domains and integrate prior literature on prevalence and co-occurrence. Visual tools will support translation of findings to identify areas of needed research to support future clinical differential diagnosis.

Discussion

Both FASD and ASD populations experience stigma and barriers to equitable care, although recognition and service systems have developed differently. Improved understanding of their overlapping and distinct presentations can strengthen differential diagnosis, interdisciplinary education, research, policy, and access to appropriate supports.